Huang (2020)
Individualized prediction nomograms for disease progression in mild COVID-19
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25969
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jmv.25969
Symptoms
Sputum production (Present vs. Not present)
COVID-19 (severe/critical)
Odds ratio: 2.456 (1.113-5.421) Adjusted model

China

Retrospective cohort study

Medical records

344

Patients with COVID-19 disease hospitalized in the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Hubei from 25th January to 24th March 2020.

A total of 344 patients were included in the final analysis, 45 of whom needed oxygen support 24-hours after admission and 299 stayed stable. There were 188 (54.7%) males, and the average age of the cohort was 52.9±16.8 years. The median time from the onset of illness to admission was 3 days (IQR, 2-5) and the median hospital stay was 23 days (IQR, 18-31). Approximately 1 of 3 patients had comorbidities, of which hypertension, DM, CHD, CVD, COPD and cancer were present in 78 (22.7%), 38 (11.0%), 18 (5.2%), 9 (2.6%), 9 (2.6%), and 9 (2.6%) patients, respectively. The most common symptoms on admission were fever (78.5%) and cough (73.3%), followed by increased phlegm/sputum production (45.3%) and dyspnea (11.3%). A total of 15 (4.4%) patients eventually died. The inclusion criteria for enrollment into the study were: (1) age>=18 years; (2) positive result of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab specimens tested by real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay; (3) Meet diagnostic criteria of COVID-19 by WHO10; (4) with complete clinical data; (5) No aggressive treatment required upon the first 24 hours after admission (Because patients who require aggressive treatment upon the first 24 hours after admission are generally critical patients). The exclusion criteria were those needed high flow oxygen or mechanical ventilation on admission or within 24 hours after admission, or other special health conditions that required special medical intervention.

Total

2 Month


COVID-19 (severe/critical)

45

According to whether they needed oxygen support (including high-flow oxygen supply, invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation) or not, they were divided into the stable group and the progressive group.


Symptoms

Sputum production

Expectoration

Not present

Present


Odds ratio

2.456 (1.113-5.421)

No

Yes

Yes

Model 1 : age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, sputum, body temperature, and onset time. Model 2 : age, gender, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, sputum, body temperature, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and white blood cell count.


Model 1

Average

Yes