China
Retrospective cohort study
Medical records
78
Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 associated pneumonia between December 30, 2019, and January 15, 2020, and hospitalized at one of three tertiary hospitals in Wuhan for over two weeks.
Specific inclusion criteria were: (1) patients with confirmed diagnosis from a positive test result for COVID-19 nucleic acids by real-time fluorescence reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) according to the "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infection-Induced Pneumonia version 4 (trial)??รข????; (2) patients who had been hospitalized for over two weeks when preparing the manuscript, died while hospitalized, or had recovered and been discharged.
0
COVID-19 (severe/critical)
11
COVID-19 (progression): Progression: common-type changed to severe- or critical-type, or death; severe-type changed to critical-type or death; critical-type progressed to death.
Patient characteristics
Smoking
History of smoking
No history of smoking
8
65
3
5
Odds ratio
14.290 (1.580-25.000)
No
Yes
All variables from the univariate analysis with a P value <0.1 were entered into a forward-stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis, including age, smoking, body temperature, severe illness, albumin, creatinine, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein
none
Average