COVID-19 Risk Factors
literature database & meta-analysis

Last update : 2021-08-05 08:37:15 (GMT+2)   |  276 factors investigated   |  1766 estimates included  |  219 articles processed  |  QC progress: 50%

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Green: significant protective factor
Red: significant risk factor
§ adjusted estimate (see article details)
estimated using data reported in the article
Outcome Risk category Risk [exposed vs. unexposed] Risk estimate (95% CI) Author [URL] View QC
COVID-19 (death) Comorbidities Chronic respiratory disease [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 5.440 (2.450-12.060) Luo
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Chronic respiratory disease [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 5.240 (1.460-18.860) Chen
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Chronic respiratory disease [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 5.240 (1.460-18.900) Chen
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities COPD [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 10.460 (3.760-29.100) Feng
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities COPD [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 23.960 (7.390-77.740) Guan
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities COPD [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 5.510 (1.760-17.290) Guan
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities COPD [Present vs. Not present] Hazard ratio: 2.680 (1.420-5.050) Guan
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 2.080 (0.750-5.810) He
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 2.950 (1.440-6.030) Feng
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 2.430 (0.920-6.380) Zhou
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 4.607 (3.720-5.705) CDC
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 2.110 (0.700-6.350) Deng
COVID-19 (death) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Hazard ratio: 3.640 (1.010-7.800) § Zhang
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 1.370 (0.740-2.550) Zhang
COVID-19 (death) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 2.170 (0.530-8.930) Zhang
COVID-19 (death) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 1.890 (0.980-3.650) Luo
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 6.130 (1.820-20.700) Yang
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 6.130 (1.820-20.690) Yang
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 2.220 (1.010-4.840) Mao
COVID-19 (death) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 1.500 (0.720-3.110) Fu
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 2.610 (1.500-4.520) Qin
COVID-19 (death) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 2.850 (1.350-6.050) Zhao
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 2.450 (0.940-6.370) Chen
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 1.100 (0.300-4.020) Xu
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 1.470 (0.570-3.810) Zhang
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 5.650 (3.110-10.270) Guan
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 3.180 (1.950-5.190) Guan
COVID-19 (death) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 2.040 (0.570-7.330) Xingwei
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 1.360 (0.490-3.730) Wang
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Diabetes [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 1.060 (0.480-2.310) Lu
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Heart disease [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 2.850 (1.080-7.560) Feng
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Heart disease [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 1.880 (0.680-5.230) Tabata
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Cardiovascular disease [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 4.812 (3.852-6.012) CDC
COVID-19 (death) Comorbidities Heart disease [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 2.830 (1.250-6.400) Luo
COVID-19 (death) Comorbidities Heart disease [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 2.700 (1.340-5.430) Luo
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Heart disease [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 4.200 (1.270-13.900) Yang
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Heart disease [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 3.710 (1.130-12.220) Chen
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Heart disease [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 3.710 (1.130-12.200) Chen
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Heart disease [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 5.400 (2.160-13.490) Zhang
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Heart disease [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 4.740 (1.840-12.160) Guan
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Heart disease [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 3.280 (1.480-7.290) Guan
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Heart disease [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 1.970 (0.910-4.250) Lu
COVID-19 (death) Comorbidities Heart disease [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 7.660 (1.660-35.350) Yudong
COVID-19 (death) Comorbidities Heart failure [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 8.190 (2.450-27.340) Yudong
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Hypertension [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 7.560 (3.370-16.900) He
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Hypertension [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 1.830 (0.590-5.670) Chen
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Hypertension [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 0.860 (0.500-1.470) Zheng
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Hypertension [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 3.110 (1.750-5.550) Feng
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Hypertension [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 3.240 (1.430-7.350) Zhou
COVID-19 (severe/critical) Comorbidities Hypertension [Present vs. Not present] Odds ratio: 1.770 (0.860-3.620) Yang
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